ITALIAN logical connectors

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The “connector words and expressions” illustrated on this page offer a coherent function allowing sentences to flow logically. They are used in both spoken and written language.

Using Italian logical connections properly is an excellent approach to improving your spoken and written Italian style since it gives your text a better structure and makes it more sophisticated and enjoyable to listen to or read.

Learn the following expressions and try to include them in your active vocabulary.





Opening and Sequencing

ITALIAN logical connectors Opening and Sequencing
prima di tutto first of all
per cominciare to begin with
anzitutto/innanzituttofirst and foremost
in primo luogoin the first place
successivamentenext
in secondo luogosecondly
inoltreadditionally, furthermore
quindithen

Examples:

Vorrei prima di tutto ringraziarvi di avermi invitata a parlare (I would like first of all to thank you for having invited me to speak to you.)

In primo luogo dobbiamo esaminare il modo in cui l’autore ha definito i suoi personaggi nel primo capitolo. (In the first place, we must look at how the author has outlined his characters in the first chapter.)

In secondo luogo dobbiamo cercare quali altri fattori possano aver contribuito a creare tale squilibrio. (Secondly, we must look for other factors which might have contributed to such an imbalance.)


Ending

ITALIAN logical connectors Ending
infinefinaultimately, in the end
in ultima analisiin the final analysis
in definitivaall in all
insommain a nutshell

Examples:

Tutto sommato il nostro problema maggiore è la mancanza di immaginazione. (All in all, our biggest problem is our lack of imagination.)

In fin dei conti tocca ai cittadini decidere del loro futuro. (Ultimately, it’s the citizens who must decide their future.)


Linking ideas

alternatives to e:

Sometimes using e on its own to link ideas can be rather weak.

To reinforce it, you can use this strengthening word.

ITALIAN logical connectors Linking ideas
addirittura, persinoeven
per di piùwhat’s more, moreover
allo stesso tempo at the same time
non solo … ma anchenot just ………., but also
sia … chein both …….and
tanto … quantoas ……… as
come pure / oltre che /oltre aBesides

Examples:

In questa città la vita è stressante e alienante. (Life in this city is stressful and alienating.)

In questa città la vita è stressante e addirittura alienante. (In this city, life is stressful and even alienating.)

In questa città la vita è stressante e per di più alienante. (In this city, life is stressful and moreover alienating.


Logical sequence: conclusion or consequence

When you want to express the conclusion or the consequence of an action or event, stressing its outcome, there are several possibilities in Italian equivalent to ‘so’ or ‘therefore’.

ITALIAN logical connectors Logical sequence: conclusion or consequence
e alloraand then
e cosìand so
perciòfor this reason, therefore
quindihence, therefore
dunque thus, so
per cuifor this reason, so
pertantothus, so
di conseguenzaconsequently, as a result
ecco perchéso (that’s why)
tanto cheso much so that
al punto cheto the extent that, so much so that
di/in modo cheso that
in modo dainfinitive so as to/in such a way as to

Examples:

Era troppo tardi per uscire, perciò siamo rimasti a casa. (It was too late to go out, so we stayed at home.)

Il mio ombrello vecchio è rotto, per cui ne dovrò comprare un altro. (My old umbrella is broken, therefore I shall have to buy a new one.)

La camera era davvero rumorosa, tanto che me ne sono fatta dare un’altra. (The room was really noisy, so much so that I got them to give me another one.)

Purtroppo non saremo in Italia, di conseguenza non potremo andare al loro matrimonio. (Unfortunately, we won’t be in Italy, consequently, we won’t be able to go to their wedding.)

Bisogna agire in modo da non compromettere la situazione. (It is necessary to act so as not to compromise the situation.)

Mettiamo qui le chiavi, in modo che non vadano perse. (Let’s put the keys here so that they don’t get lost.)


Logical sequence: reason or cause

Logical sequence: reason or cause

To stress the cause or reason of an action or event, there are several possibilities equivalent to ‘because’ or ‘since’, in addition to perché. Unlike ‘since’ and ‘because’, perché can never begin a sentence, so in such cases, an alternative is required.

siccomesince
dato chegiven that
visto cheseeing that
considerato chebearing in mind that
dal momento cheas, since
in quantoas much as, in that, in view of the fact that
per il fatto chebecause
per il motivo chebecause
per la ragione chebecause

Examples:

Siccome i negozi saranno chiusi domani, facciamo la spesa oggi.(As the shops will be shut tomorrow, let’s do our shopping today.)

Visto che ci siamo tutti, possiamo cominciare. (Seeing that we are all here, we can begin.)

Gli inglesi vanno in vacanza all’estero per il fatto che sul tempo inglese non si può fare affidamento. (The English go on holiday abroad because one cannot count on the English weather.)

Dato che è il tuo compleanno, andiamo a mangiar fuori! (As it’s your birthday, let’s eat out!)

Dal momento che sei qui, ti spiego la faccenda. (As you are here, I’ll explain the matter to you.)

Non è venuta alla partita, in quanto temeva di annoiarsi. (She did not come to the match in view of the fact that she was afraid she’d be bored.)


Contrasting/Opposing

Contrasting/Opposing


There are also several alternatives to ma.

peròbut, however
mentrewhereas
invecehowever, on the other hand
eppureand yet
tuttavianevertheless, however
piuttostorather
in realtàin actual fact, actually
anche sealthough
d’altra parteon the other hand
del restobut then, on the other hand
da un lato … dall’altroon the one hand … on the other
da una parte … dall’altraon the one hand … on the other
anzion the contrary, not at all
bensìbut rather

Luciana non sopporta Johnny Depp, eppure è un attore così bravo! (Luciana cannot stand Johnny Depp, and yet he’s such a good actor!)

Noi siamo andati in macchina, mentre loro hanno preferito la metropolitana. (We went by bus, whereas they preferred the underground.)

Sono molto arrabbiata con voi, tuttavia so benissimo che non è stata solo colpa vostra. (I am very cross with you; however, I know very well that it wasn’t just your fault.)

Gli uomini parlavano fra di loro; le donne, invece, stavano zitte. (The men talked to one another; the women, on the other hand, were silent.)

Il film è stato lunghissimo; del resto, nessuno si è annoiato. (The film was extremely long; on the other hand, no one got bored.)

Da una parte mi dispiace rifiutare il loro invito, dall’altra non mi diverto mai con loro. (On the one hand, I regret refusing their invitation; on the other, I never enjoy myself with them.)

Diceva di essere imprenditore. In realtà, era un semplice dipendente. (He said he was an entrepreneur. In actual fact, he was a simple employee.)

Le nozze non si svolgeranno in chiesa, bensì con una cerimonia civile. (The wedding will not take place in a church, but rather at a civil ceremony.)

What’s next?

You might want to keep learning Italian online with these free resources:

How to use Common Italian Interjections and Exclamations

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